Cybersecurity company Trellix and the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) have released a global report, In the Crosshairs: Organisations and Nation-State Cyber Threats, examining security professionals’ mindsets towards nation-state actors, the extent they are being targeted, how nation state actors differ from other cyber criminals and how they view the role of government in responding to attacks. The report found Russia and China among the most likely suspects of being behind successful cyberattacks resulting in data loss, service disruption, and industrial espionage, which led to significant costs to the organisations attacked.
“As geopolitical tensions rise, the likelihood of nation-state cyberattacks rises as well,” said Bryan Palma, CEO of Trellix. “Cybersecurity talent shortages, outdated IT infrastructure, and remote work are the greatest challenges in today’s operating environment. Organisations must improve their automation, remediation, and resiliency capabilities to defend against increasingly sophisticated attacks.”
The report, written by CSIS and based on research conducted by Vanson Bourne, surveyed 800 IT decisions makers from a variety of industries. It highlights the volume and severity of nation-state cyberattacks is a substantial problem for the international community and organisations are looking to governments to help solve.
Organisation Risk. Ninety-two percent of respondents have faced or suspect they have faced a nation-state backed cyberattack in the last 18 months or expect to face one in the future. The report also finds most organisations struggle to confidently and accurately determine if a cyberattack is linked to a nation-state given technical challenges and the efforts hackers go to hide their identity. Unlike cyber criminals, nation-state actors focus on conducting intelligence operations to gain intellectual property and data to serve an economic or military goal, while also leaving backdoors in organisation infrastructure for reentry.
The risk to organisations is significant, with the average nation-state-backed cyberattack costing an estimated $1.6 million per incident. Yet the report finds 10 percent of organisations surveyed do not have a cybersecurity strategy.
Consumer Impact. While access to consumer data was the motive for nearly half of reported state-backed incidents, only 33 percent of organisations reported reaching out to their customers to disclose the incident. The respondents view personally identifiable information (PII) related to either their customers or employees—as one of the main factors they would be targeted (46 percent and 40 percent respectively). As organisations prepare their cybersecurity strategies, risks to reputation and trust are at stake. Transparency with end customers should be considered in addition to ensuring direct communication with cybersecurity vendors, partners and government agencies.
Government Guidance. The report found 92 percent of respondents were willing to share information about an attack, but not always the full details. Overall, organisations are looking to the government for guidance into how they can protect themselves while being hindered by a lack of breach disclosures. Ninety percent of respondents think the government should do more to support and protect critical infrastructure from cyberattacks. In the U.S., programs like the Cyber Safety Review Board, CISA’s Shield Up and the White House’s new Office of the National Cyber Director are examples of programs governments worldwide should continue to develop to help protect critical infrastructure.
“Nation-states and their criminal proxies are some of the most dangerous cyber attackers because they are capable, best resourced and extremely persistent,” said James Lewis, Senior Vice President and Director, Strategic Technologies Program for CSIS. “It’s not surprising that nation states, particularly China and Russia, are behind many of the cyber-attacks organisations experience; what is surprising is that 86 percent of respondents in this survey believe they have been targeted by a group acting on behalf of a nation-state, and only 27 percent are completely confident in their organisation’s ability to recognize such an attack in contrast to other cyberattacks.”
